{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:33:25Z","timestamp":1790282005463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Missed parathyroid adenoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTA<\/jats:styled-content>) is the commonest cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Although many are subsequently found in well\u2010described locations, some are found in unusual regions of the neck. This paper presents the combined experience of three large tertiary endocrine surgery centres with maldescended <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD\u2010PTA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited from the endocrine surgical databases of three tertiary endocrine surgery units. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTA<\/jats:styled-content> found &gt;1\u2009cm above the superior thyroid pole or other cervical locations as a result of abnormal or incomplete descent were included for analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD\u2010PTA<\/jats:styled-content> was identified in 16 patients out of a total of 5241 patients who had undergone parathyroidectomies in the 7\u2010year study period (incidence 0.3%). Seven (44%) patients had minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, while nine (56%) had bilateral neck exploration. The mean excised gland weight was 750 + 170\u2009mg. Cure was achieved in all patients with a minimum follow\u2010up of 6 months. The locations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD\u2010PTA<\/jats:styled-content> in this study included submandibular triangle, retropharyngeal space, carotid sheath (at carotid bifurcation and intravagal), parapharyngeal space (superior to thyroid cartilage or superior thyroid pole) and cricothyroid space.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite their rare occurrence, incompletely or abnormally descended <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTAs<\/jats:styled-content> can be encountered by any surgeon who performs parathyroidectomies. It is important to develop a strategy to systematically locate these glands. High cure rates can still be achieved with minimally invasive parathyroidectomy if confident preoperative localization is available. A sound knowledge of embryology and a thorough exploration also facilitate an overall high success rate with open exploration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T09:48:07Z","timestamp":1355132887000},"page":"957-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Adenomas of cervical maldescended parathyroid glands: pearls and pitfalls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Surgical Unit Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haggi","family":"Mazeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrine Surgery Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Serpell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Surgical Unit Department of Surgery Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh W.","family":"Delbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Surgical Unit Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrine Surgery Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Surgical Unit Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb140209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0556-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02067321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9532-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80099-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197907000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.12.5.1529135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-010-0492-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890050112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002680020067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Ectopic parathyroid tissue within the vagus nerve. 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