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Traditionally, back pain and radicular (sciatic) symptoms have been attributed to mechanical compression of neural tissue by herniated disc material and to inflammation caused by exposure of the nerve roots to disc tissue. Recent research however has suggested that low\u2010grade infection within the intervertebral disc by anaerobic bacteria may be responsible. The development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>odic changes in the corresponding adjacent vertebral endplates has also been suggested as an indicator of infection. This article is a thorough review of the current literature regarding the hypothesis that low\u2010grade anaerobic bacterial infection may be the cause of disabling low back pain and radiculopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T02:36:23Z","timestamp":1423017383000},"page":"808-814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Do bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of low back pain?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orso L.","family":"Osti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Calvary Healthcare North Adelaide Campus  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-013-1700-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199318110-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a05aa0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2674-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05109-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.050369"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2675-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850802524485"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000238657.13263.b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200508000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1064-9689(21)00570-5","article-title":"Degenerative disc disease and back pain","volume":"7","author":"Modic MT","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn. 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