{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:55:50Z","timestamp":1782816950843,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR)"},{"name":"Institute for Safety Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the prevalence of proximal humeral non\u2010union. There is disagreement on what constitutes union, delayed union and non\u2010union. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of these complications in proximal humeral fractures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHFs<\/jats:styled-content>) admitted to trauma hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry identified 419 cases of PHFs, of which 306 were analysed. Three upper limb orthopaedic surgeons used X\u2010rays to classify fractures according to the Neer classification and determine union. Twelve\u2010item Short Form Health Survey scores were used to assess patient health and wellbeing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 306 cases, 49.4% reached union. Median time to union was 100 days (confidence interval 90\u2013121). Of these, 17.0% united by 60 days, 8.5% united by 89 days and 23.9% united after 90 days, demonstrating \u2018prolonged delayed union\u2019. There were 25 non\u2010unions with a prevalence of 8.2%, most occurring in two\u2010part surgical neck fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cohort of largely displaced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHFs<\/jats:styled-content>admitted to trauma hospitals had a non\u2010union prevalence of 8.2% and an overall delayed union prevalence of 32.4%. Consensus is required on definitions of non\u2010union and delayed union timeframes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T02:07:17Z","timestamp":1473732437000},"page":"55-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of non\u2010union and delayed union in proximal humeral fractures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Maritsa K.","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Gosling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Kamali Moaveni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"van Bavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Epworth Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University Hospital Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin D.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Epworth Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults","author":"Handoll HHG","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst. 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