{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:46:47Z","timestamp":1787827607145,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mini C\u2010arm image intensifiers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIs<\/jats:styled-content>) are promoted to permit lower radiation dose than traditional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIs<\/jats:styled-content> with a lower purchase price and without the need for a radiographer, saving time. In real\u2010world usage, radiation dose is not always lower.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 620 children undergoing forearm fracture reduction in theatre was undertaken. Imaging was performed with the Fluoroscan mini C\u2010arm or a comparison traditional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. Radiation dose and theatre time were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in radiation dose as measured by dose\u2010area product (0.013 versus 0.014 Gy.cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.22). We noted an inverse association between operator experience and radiation dose. The mini C\u2010arm allowed a shorter procedure time (26 versus 30 min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and theatre time (13 versus 16 min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Re\u2010displacement rates were similar (1.3 versus 2.2%). The Fluoroscan is <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>$120 000 cheaper to purchase and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>$35 283 cheaper to run per year than the comparison <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. Consultants had a 14% lower dose\u2010area product (0.012 versus 0.014 Gy.cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 18% shorter screening time (8 versus 9.8 s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) than registrars.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Fluoroscan mini C\u2010arm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> does not demonstrate a radiation saving during closed reductions of paediatric forearm fractures but allows shorter procedures and theatre time with similar re\u2010displacement rates. The purchase price is lower than a traditional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. We noted that operator experience reduces radiation dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T03:14:14Z","timestamp":1480562054000},"page":"282-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mini C\u2010arm: faster, cheaper, safer?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Tom J.","family":"Gieroba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Cundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nck002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200705000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021881041530003X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2013.26.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X155770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030801600304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.26322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000156480.76450.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.73.871.11089466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.70.833.9227232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2008.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Doses to Patients from Radiographic and Fluoroscopic X\u2010ray Imaging Procedures in the UK \u2013 2010 Review","author":"Hart D","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"S88","article-title":"Radiation exposure in fluoroscopy of the shoulder: a comparison between mini and conventional C\u2010arm image intensifier","volume":"97","author":"Tantigate D","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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