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It is only in the last few decades that a plausible argument has been made that anatomical changes in human individuals and lineages demonstrate ongoing microevolution. Since the mid\u201019th century, there has been a reduction in differential mortality. Increased variation of heritable traits is a consequential outcome of relaxation of natural selection. Consequently, this has contributed to various anatomical variations in musculo\u2010skeletal anatomy, vascular anatomy as well as congenital disorders such as spina bifida occulta. The authors argue that surgeons and anatomists should improve their knowledge of evolution and its continuing influence on human morphology. Simply repeating the old mantra that anatomical variations are important because knowledge of them minimizes surgical complications, albeit important, is inadequate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T08:47:25Z","timestamp":1608886045000},"page":"837-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anatomical variations and evolution: re\u2010evaluating their importance for surgeons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Saniotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Science, Knowledge University  Kurdistan Region Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Henneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Medicine The University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","volume-title":"Anatomia humana sist\u00eamica e segmentar","author":"Dangelo JG","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Anatomical variation of the superior cerebellar artery: a case study","volume":"27","author":"Davim ALS","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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