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The incidence increases with age while there is a higher prevalence in Caucasians. ARMM is often asymptomatic or presents with no disease\u2010specific evidence so that it can mimic other rectal disorders, malignant or benign. Colonoscopy is obligatory as a diagnosing mean for ARMM. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized for the evaluation of tumour infiltration and lymph node metastases. Moreover, diagnostic establishment of ARMM requires an undeniable demonstration of essential melanocytic features in histology and immunohistochemistry. Even though the standard of treatment remains surgical resection, the choice between wide local excision and abdomino\u2010perineal resection is still controversial. Recently, there have been recommendations regarding new techniques which could be utilized for the surgical treatment of ARMM. Newer treatments that have been proposed such as immune\u2010checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies need further validation. A multicenter study would allow clarification of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for this uncommon nosological entity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.16497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:41:56Z","timestamp":1609188116000},"page":"276-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical evidence, diagnostic approach and challenging therapeutic modalities for malignant melanoma of the anorectum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Mastoraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Schizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Ntella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Roka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Vailas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis S.","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Vassiliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papaconstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2<sup>nd<\/sup> Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/folmed-2018-0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2018.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doz083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896918773177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)20230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2017.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2017.0184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.27.20120099","article-title":"Laparoscopic abdomino\u2010perineal resection for patients with anorectal malignant melanoma: a report of 4 cases","volume":"30","author":"Han J","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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