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Here we discuss a review of diphallia case reports, as well as present a new surgical classification system based on the soft tissue composition of the two phalluses, the anatomy of the urethra present within the most normal phallus and the bladder configuration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010seven diphallia case reports were collected and analysed, excluding those presented in animals and articles that were non\u2010English, with the results compiled to provide an in\u2010depth reference of the specific anatomy found in diphallia patients and the associated abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our proposed classification system was then applied to each patient and the most common configuration base on our classification system presented, along with commonly seen associated anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reviewed cases represent a subset of the most unique diphallia patients; thus, several cases may be left unreported. Future reports can then be categorized, aiding as a reference, and potentially building on the classification, should the patient not fit into a specific group, leading to an expansion of the classification system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T09:25:32Z","timestamp":1654766732000},"page":"2053-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diphallia: literature review and proposed surgical classification system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan John","family":"Kendrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns &amp; Trauma Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy Mark","family":"Kimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns &amp; Trauma Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43310-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Anatomy, anomalies and injuries of the penis","author":"Cecil AB","year":"1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58603-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310019981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701877507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)65498-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00183765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.166458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.1518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60739-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Case report: supernumerary penis (diphallia terrata)","volume":"4","author":"Ali MT","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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