{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:35:49Z","timestamp":1785008149906,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faecal incontinence (FI) is a debilitating condition which reduces quality of life (QOL). Conservative management with education, pelvic floor exercise and pharmacological agents are first\u2010line treatment. Following which, biofeedback therapy (BFT) is recommended. Although well described in the West, existing literature on its efficacy in Asian populations remains sparse. The primary aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of BFT in improvement of symptoms, QOL and overall satisfaction in our Asian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with moderate FI in Singapore General Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were enrolled. Rockwood FI quality of life scale (FIQL) and Wexner scale were used to evaluate QOL across four domains, and symptom severity respectively. They were scored at baseline and again after four sessions of BFT, with an additional overall satisfaction score (OSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 137 patients were included. Mean age was 62\u2009years and 72.3% were female. Majority demonstrated improvement in Wexner score (68.6%) and FIQL (65%). Sixty\u2010five patients (47.4%) reported improvement in both. Positive correlation was found between Wexner score and OSS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.206), and Wexner score and FIQL across all four domains. Only one FIQL domain\u2014coping\/behaviour, showed statistically significant correlation with OSS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.263).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BFT is effective in our Asian population in both symptom reduction and improving QOL. Wexner score demonstrated low correlation with FIQL and OSS\u2014suggesting that FI requires a multi\u2010dimensional approach beyond symptom treatment, of which ability to cope appears crucial. BFT, consistent with the biopsychosocial model, shows benefit in this regard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.18131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T15:04:10Z","timestamp":1667055850000},"page":"1262-1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of biofeedback therapy for faecal incontinence in an Asian population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3813-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wee Kiat Daniel","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aik Yong","family":"Chok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9214-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne Ying\u2010Ru","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Seow\u2010En","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emile Kwong\u2010Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Epidemiology of fecal incontinence: the silent affliction","volume":"91","author":"Johanson JF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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