{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:41:31Z","timestamp":1787503291181,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical fixation of scaphoid fractures may result in unrecognized screw protrusion and subsequent cartilage damage to the adjacent joints. The purpose of this study was to use a three\u2010dimensional (3D) scaphoid model to determine the wrist and forearm positioning that will allow intra\u2010operative fluoroscopic visualization of screw protrusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two 3D scaphoid models, with the wrist in neutral and 20\u00b0 ulnar deviated, were reconstructed from a cadaveric wrist using the Mimics software. The scaphoid models were divided into three segments and further divided into four quadrants in each of the three segments along the scaphoid axes. Two virtual screws, with a 2 and 1\u2009mm groove from the distal border, were placed so that the screws protrude from each quadrant. The wrist models were rotated along the long axis of the forearm and the angles at which the screw protrusions were visualized were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One\u2010millimetre screw protrusions were visualized at a narrower range of forearm rotation angles compared to 2\u2009mm screw protrusions. One\u2010millimetre screw protrusions in the middle dorsal ulnar quadrant could not be detected. Visualization of the screw protrusion in each quadrant varied with forearm and wrist positioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this model, all screw protrusions, except 1\u2009mm protrusions in the middle dorsal ulnar quadrant, were visualized with the forearm in pronation, supination or in the mid\u2010pronation position and with the wrist in neutral or 20\u00b0 ulnar deviated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.18362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T23:30:23Z","timestamp":1677886223000},"page":"1652-1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determining the optimal radiologic wrist and forearm position to visualize screw protrusion in scaphoid fixation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Melodi","family":"Yong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Monash University, Dandenong Hospital  Dandenong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Monash University, Dandenong Hospital  Dandenong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Monash University, Dandenong Hospital  Dandenong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Monash University, Dandenong Hospital  Dandenong Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory (HWBL) O'Brien Institute \/ St Vincents Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Carpal Kinematics in the Normal, Scapholunate Deficient and Surgically Reconstructed Wrist [Ph.D Thesis]","author":"Zhang X","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.145383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures: current treatments and techniques","volume":"52","author":"Cooney WP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Instr. 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