{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T17:13:27Z","timestamp":1768670007139,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) have a favourable prognosis. However, a subset of cases follow an aggressive disease course with progression to metastasis and death. Several histopathological parameters are associated with poor outcomes, but lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has not been well studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prognostic significance of LVI in cSCC and determine associations between LVI and cSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of 486 consecutive cases of cSCC over a 5\u2010year period from a single centre was stratified by the presence or absence of LVI. Logistic regression and multivariate survival analysis were used to determine associations of LVI and prognostic significance of LVI, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>LVI was present in 41 cases (9.2%). LVI was significantly associated with increasing depth of invasion, microanatomical tumour location (subcutis vs. dermis), and tumour dimensions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Univariate survival analysis revealed significantly lower 2\u2010year overall survival rates for patients with LVI (37.1%) compared with those without (66.6%) (95% CI\u2009=\u200960.6\u201373.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). LVI was also found to be an independent marker of poor disease\u2010specific survival (HR\u2009=\u20090.232 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.090\u20130.600), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), poor overall survival (HR 0.338 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.184\u20130.623), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and poor disease\u2010free survival (HR 0.461 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.230\u20130.923), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) through multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms that LVI is an independent poor prognosticator in cSCC, with significantly worse survival indices at 2\u2009years. Future systems of risk stratification for cSCC should incorporate LVI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.18694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T06:39:23Z","timestamp":1695191963000},"page":"2727-2735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Suruo","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns Plastic &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Toon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School University of NSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Harish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns Plastic &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813511949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12766"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3261-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.4994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70144-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Dataset for Histopathological Reporting of Primary Invasive Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Regional Lymph Nodes","author":"Barrett DSP","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity Structured Reporting Protocol Surry Hills: Royal College Pathologist Australia;2019[Cited 22 May 2022]. 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