{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:55:22Z","timestamp":1767848122136,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Replacing single\u2010use operating theatre equipment with reusables might be one strategy for reducing the carbon footprint of operating theatres. However, in Australia, where the energy mix is predominantly fossil\u2010fuel\u2010based, the re\u2010sterilization of reusables may increase the carbon footprint. We analyzed the financial and environmental impacts of introducing reusable operating theatre light handles in two NSW hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The effects on cost, waste, and carbon footprint of replacing disposable light handle covers with reusable handles in each hospital were analyzed over 12\u2009months using procurement, waste and sterilization data, and life cycle assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Energy requirement for sterilization of reusable handles, increasing alongside weight of the handle, resulted in higher carbon footprint than using disposable covers. At one hospital, using a heavy handle increased carbon emissions sixfold, while the cost of handle sterilization exceeded the cost of disposable covers, resulting in 11% higher cost per use. At the other hospital, using a lighter handle increased carbon emissions by 40% per use, while sterilization cost was less than the cost of disposable covers, resulting in 14.8% lower cost per use. Scenario modelling indicated that sterilizing handles as part of a hollowware set rather than as individual items would significantly reduce cost and carbon footprint. At both hospitals, associated clinical waste was essentially eliminated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Judicious replacement of disposable covers with lightweight yet durable reusable handles can reduce costs, but increases carbon footprint in the current Australian energy context. Adopting predominantly renewable energy and more efficient sterilization practice would mitigate this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.19306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T10:48:56Z","timestamp":1731322136000},"page":"216-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Switching to reusable operating theatre equipment: lessons learnt from sterile light handle projects in two Australian hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery John Hunter Hospital Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Lead in Surgery NSW Ministry of Health Climate Risk and Net Zero Unit St Leonards New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McAlister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Healthcare Carbon Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8378-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philomena","family":"Colagiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1621-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30271-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"NSW Circular.Plastics in Healthcare \u2013 The Case for Circularity.2021. 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