{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:25:55Z","timestamp":1743567955528,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral carbohydrate loading has become a key component of Enhanced Recovery After Major Surgery (ERAS) pathways, with potential improvements in patient comfort, nausea and vomiting, ileus and length of stay. The contribution of each component of ERAS, including carbohydrate beverages, remains unclear. We aimed to determine the impact of standardized oral carbohydrate fluid loading on haemodynamics, stroke volume and gastric state in a group of healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three volunteer participants free of known cardiovascular or gastrointestinal disease, consumed 400\u2009mL of a proprietary carbohydrate solution. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV) and gastric cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) were measured with bedside ultrasound at baseline, 30\/60\/120\u2009min post\u2010ingestion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were small decreases in HR, BP (&lt;10%) that were statistically significant. There were small increases (&lt;10%) in SV at 30 and 60\u2009min post\u2010ingestion, but SV had returned to baseline by 120\u2009min. There were no changes in SV variation. Gastric CSA increased immediately post\u2010ingestion, then decreased in a linear fashion before returning to baseline by 120\u2009min.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a standard 400\u2009mL dose of a carbohydrate beverage, only small increases in SV could be demonstrated in the first\u2010hour post\u2010ingestion. All patients had largely returned to their baseline SV and gastric CSA state within 2\u2009h post\u2010fluid ingestion. A mild decrease in HR and BP was noted that persisted at 120\u2009min. A 400\u2009mL carbohydrate beverage does not appear to have favourable cardiovascular effects in a healthy population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.19344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T12:00:43Z","timestamp":1733486443000},"page":"234-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological impact of oral carbohydrate preload in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Cowie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia St. Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 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