{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:26:51Z","timestamp":1772990811031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subcutaneous abscesses are among the most common soft\u2010tissue infections encountered in acute surgical and emergency practice. While incision and drainage (I&amp;D) remains the cornerstone of treatment, the best post\u2010I&amp;D strategy remains debated. Key questions include whether adjunct antibiotics improve cure rates or prevent recurrence, whether packing the cavity provides any advantage, and whether modern alternatives such as primary closure, drains, or irrigation offer superior outcomes. These issues are particularly relevant to perianal abscesses, where the risk of developing a fistula\u2010in\u2010ano is substantial, and to general cutaneous abscesses, where pain, delayed healing, and recurrence are frequent concerns. Recent randomized trials and contemporary guidelines have begun to clarify these controversies, helping clinicians move beyond traditional dogma toward evidence\u2010based, patient\u2010centered care. Landmark evidence now shows that, for uncomplicated cutaneous abscesses, adding a short course of MRSA\u2010active antibiotics to I&amp;D improves short\u2010term cure and reduces new lesions. For perianal abscesses, the goal shifts to preventing fistula\u2010in\u2010ano: here the trials conflict, pooled estimates hint at a modest benefit from antibiotics, and clinical judgment still matters. Perhaps the clearest evidence\u2010based shift is against routine packing, as it offers no outcome advantage and clearly increases pain. Large randomized data support abandoning it in favor of simple dressings or selective drains. Modern, patient\u2010centered management now emphasizes thorough drainage, selective antibiotics, and avoidance of routine packing; use simple dressings or short\u2010term drains when needed, and arrange reliable follow\u2010up. That combination reduces pain and resource use without sacrificing safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T07:14:48Z","timestamp":1766214888000},"page":"85-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Knife: A Contemporary Review of Subcutaneous Abscesses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Mersal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Rotation JSD Program University Hospitals of Birmingham (UHB) Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Embaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaffar","family":"Alsaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Embabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Surrey Foundation NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elmahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbioumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery  Chester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine Procedures","author":"Reichman E. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Fundamentals of Inflammation","volume":"84","author":"Ciaccia L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae162"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507476"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423\u2010020\u201001941\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2023.0108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31821cc1f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"062025","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine Procedures, 2e","author":"Reichman E. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","volume-title":"Reichman's Emergency Medicine Procedures, 3e","author":"Perumalsamy P.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6856"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"A.PastorinoandM. M.Tavarez \u201cIncision and Drainage. StatPearls [Internet] \u201d2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553\u20102712.2009.00409.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423\u2010014\u20101231\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350\u2010004\u20100620\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845\u2010018\u201001958\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.1990.60.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1671\u20100274.2019.04.009"}],"container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ans.70442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ans.70442","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ans.70442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:31:51Z","timestamp":1772973111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ans.70442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ans.70442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ans.70442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-1433","1445-2197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-1433","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-2197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}