{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:40:18Z","timestamp":1783021218032,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical marking pens are commonly used for marking operative sites, anatomical landmarks, and demarcating wounds with cellulitis. Reuse of these pens by surgeons and registrars poses a risk of transmitting multiresistant bacteria. We aim to investigate this risk, hypothesizing that the alcohol\u2010based ink may have inherent antimicrobial properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five study groups were included: one control and four bacterial groups. Multiple pens were used in the bacterial groups for repeatability. Pens were inoculated with common organisms from prosthetic infections and swabbed at various time points. In total, 65 swabs were taken for bacterial culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All pens were sterile before inoculation, and the control group remained negative, confirming initial sterility. At 2\u2009min, all 12 inoculated pens showed heavy bacterial growth. From 15 to 120\u2009min, bacterial load decreased on all pens. Reinoculation of pens to account for the debridement effect of the swab demonstrated bacterial growth in at least 1 pen in all bacterial groups at T120.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study confirms that the alcohol\u2010based pens are sterile out of the box and exhibit bactericidal properties over a 120\u2010min period. However, sterility cannot be guaranteed with reuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:20:51Z","timestamp":1778822451000},"page":"1574-1579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Effects of Alcohol\u2010Based Surgical Skin Markers on Common Organisms in Orthopedic Infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7635-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin B.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Canberra Health Services  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Canberra Health Services  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Psychology Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Canberra Health Services  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Psychology Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canberra Health Services  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy F.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Psychology Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Canberra Health Services  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Psychology Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Universal Protocol for the Prevention of Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, Wrong Person Surgery","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Joint Commission Perspectives"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"Standards of Surgical Site Marking","author":"Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) [Internet]","year":"2024","journal-title":"Outpatient Surgery Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X168406"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Surgical Marking Pen Contamination: Writing a Postoperative Infection Into Your Preoperative Plan","volume":"15","author":"Huff M. 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