{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:10:58Z","timestamp":1779196258516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shoulder\u2010tip pain is a common and distressing side effect following laparoscopic surgery. Standard systemic analgesic regimens are used to manage postoperative pain but are often associated with side effects such as nausea and vomiting. There is some evidence to support a reduction in insufflation pressure to lessen shoulder\u2010tip pain. This narrative review examined the efficacy of intraperitoneal anaesthesia on shoulder\u2010tip and overall pain after laparoscopic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant literature was identified through database searches containing terms related to intraperitoneal anaesthesia, insufflation pressure, laparoscopic surgery, shoulder\u2010tip pain and postoperative pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most studies evaluating intraperitoneal local anaesthesia used bupivacaine or ropivacaine. There was a wide variety of surgical procedures with limited reporting of shoulder\u2010tip pain. Mixed results were found regarding the efficacy of intraperitoneal anaesthesia on total pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraperitoneal anaesthesia may be an effective strategy to reduce postoperative shoulder\u2010tip and overall pain scores following laparoscopic surgery, but the evidence remains inconclusive due to methodological heterogeneity. Further well\u2010designed studies, particularly in upper gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery, using standardised dosing of intraperitoneal anaesthesia, standard versus low insufflation pressure, and validated outcome measures are required to determine its clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:30:49Z","timestamp":1779193849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shoulder\u2010Tip Pain After Laparoscopic Surgery: A Narrative Review of Intraperitoneal Anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Arsanious","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine &amp; Public Health Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Osterwalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine &amp; Public Health Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Gastrointestinal Specialists  Eastwood South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic Versus Open Procedures in Specific General Surgical Interventions","volume":"16","author":"Patil M.,. 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