{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:08:26Z","timestamp":1789103306467,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and evaluate a 4\u2010week robotic surgery curriculum for penultimate\u2010year medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective mixed\u2010methods evaluation was conducted during the first year of implementation (2024). The curriculum, designed using Kern's six\u2010step framework, integrated asynchronous learning, simulator training, technical workshops and human factors simulation. Students were assessed using structured rubrics, including the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) performed on the ImraSurgical Roboset Hydroskin\u2122, a checklist for open access (Hasson technique) performed on the ImraSurgical Hydrogel Abdominal Wall Model\u2122 and a structured assessment tool for non\u2010technical skills evaluating communication, leadership and situational awareness. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010course surveys evaluated learner perceptions and self\u2010reported knowledge (Kirkpatrick Levels 1\u20132).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted at the International Medical Robotics Academy (IMRA), a dedicated surgical simulation and robotics training centre in Melbourne, Australia, in collaboration with the University of Melbourne Medical School. The curriculum was delivered as an elective Discovery subject within the Doctor of Medicine programme. Thirty\u2010five penultimate\u2010year medical students enrolled in the subject during the 2024 academic year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, all respondents reported limited or no prior knowledge of robotic surgery and felt unprepared to care for patients undergoing robotic procedures. The programme was delivered with high fidelity. Mean GEARS score was 21.9 (SD 3.4). Mean non\u2010technical skills score was 3.83\/5 (SD 0.7) and mean open access score was 3.85\/5. Group presentations achieved a pooled mean of 4.83\/5. Post\u2010course, all respondents reported increased knowledge and 80% felt better prepared for future clinical roles. Hands\u2010on simulation was rated the most valuable component.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured, competency\u2010aligned robotic surgery curriculum for medical students is feasible and associated with positive educational outcomes. Early integration of robotic literacy, simulation and human factors training may better prepare future clinicians for technology\u2010enabled surgical practice. Further study should examine long\u2010term impact and clinical transfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:58:06Z","timestamp":1789102686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robotic Surgical Curriculum for Medical Students\u20141\u2009Year of Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1926-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"El\u2010Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5505-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nyasha","family":"Sibanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0238-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Sinnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Northern Health  Epping Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9578-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Bilszta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Warrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3083-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1313-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Hii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Robotics Academy  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria 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