{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:00:16Z","timestamp":1790146816040,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burn injuries sustained in custodial settings are poorly characterised within the Australian literature despite unique environmental and behavioural risk factors associated with incarceration. Scald burns related to interpersonal violence appear increasingly recognised within correctional facilities; however, their clinical characteristics, management requirements and outcomes remain inadequately described. This study aimed to characterise burns sustained by incarcerated adults treated at an Australian quaternary burns centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of incarcerated adults treated at the Concord Repatriation General Hospital Burns Unit between January 2016 and February 2026. Patients were identified through the NSW Statewide Burn Injury Service registry and cross\u2010referenced with electronic medical records. Demographic characteristics, injury mechanism, burn severity, management and clinical outcomes were analysed. Patients were stratified by injury intent (assault vs. non\u2010assault) for comparative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010four patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 32.5\u2009years and 84.1% were male. Scald burns accounted for 81.8% of injuries, with assault responsible for 75.0% of all burns and 88.9% of scald injuries. Median TBSA was 4.8% (IQR 1.0\u20137.8), yet procedural intervention was required in 45.5% of patients. Burns most commonly involved the head and neck (56.8%), upper limbs (50.0%) and trunk (47.7%). Adequate burns first aid was provided in only 38.6% of cases. Assault\u2010related injuries were associated with larger TBSA, increased burns unit admission, longer hospital stay and higher operative rates than non\u2010assault injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burn injuries in incarcerated adults represent a distinct and largely preventable injury subtype characterised predominantly by assault\u2010related scald burns, inadequate first aid, frequent delays in presentation and high procedural requirements relative to burn size. Prevention initiatives, staff education and streamlined referral pathways within custodial healthcare systems may reduce preventable morbidity and improve outcomes in this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.70973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:06:26Z","timestamp":1790143586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burns in Incarcerated Adults: A 10\u2010Year Retrospective Review From an Australian Quaternary Burns Centre"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4132-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Concord Repatriation General Hospital  Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6138-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Boyling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Research Group ANZAC Research Institute  Concord New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda","family":"Pye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Concord Repatriation General Hospital  Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shevani","family":"Pothugunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Concord Repatriation General Hospital  Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanneke","family":"Maitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Concord Repatriation General Hospital  Concord New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Research Group ANZAC Research Institute  Concord New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2021.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963\u2010025\u201000408\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2059513120952336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Burns 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