{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:40:09Z","timestamp":1792460409310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010operative wound complications remain a significant source of morbidity following surgery, yet evidence\u2010based strategies targeting the local wound environment in the post\u2010operative period remain scarce. Local surgical site warming may represent a simple, low\u2010cost intervention to improve outcomes by enhancing tissue perfusion, oxygenation, and immune function. This cross\u2010specialty systematic review evaluated the safety and efficacy of post\u2010operative local surgical site warming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010compliant systematic review was prospectively registered on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROSPERO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PubMed<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2026. Studies investigating clinical outcomes following the application of heat directly to the surgical site post\u2010operatively were included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary literature search returned 20\u2009076 articles. Following de\u2010duplication and title\/abstract and full\u2010text screening, thirteen studies, with a total of 981 patients, were included. In plastic surgery, post\u2010operative local warming increased microcirculatory blood flow by up to 103%, improved tissue oxygen saturation and local innate immunity, and was associated with superior free flap survival rates. Across general surgery and gynaecology, warming significantly improved wound healing parameters and subcutaneous oxygen tension, whilst also reducing post\u2010operative pain and analgesic consumption. No thermal injuries or serious adverse effects were reported in any study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010operative local surgical site warming is safe and consistently improves tissue perfusion, oxygenation, and early wound healing, with compelling findings in soft tissue reconstruction. This review provides a foundation for prospective trials evaluating warming as an adjunct to standard post\u2010operative wound care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.71017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:01:16Z","timestamp":1792458076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Post\u2010Operative Localised Tissue Warming on Surgical Outcomes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Thiviya","family":"Sivakanthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwaku","family":"Duah\u2010Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Epsom and St Helier NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ife","family":"Oledajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tooba","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust  Berkshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saahil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cadogan Clinic  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadyn K. N.","family":"Kankam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham 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Retrospective Study to Compare the Effect of Warm Versus Regular Room Temperature Seitz Bath in Perineal Wound Healing","volume":"16","author":"Mishra S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Warm Seitz Bath vs a Conventional Room Temperature Seitz Bath in Perineal Wound Healing: Retrospective Observational Study","volume":"13","author":"Hedayatullah M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Clinical Retrospectively Evaluation of the Concept of\u00a0the Warm Versus Regular Room Temperature Seitz Bath in Perineal Wound Healing: A Comparative Study","volume":"15","author":"Kumar A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and 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