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PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched using the MeSH terms \u201cvitamin D\u201d AND \u201cpregnancy\u201d until 1 January 2012. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials (evidence level I) and observational studies (evidence level II) in humans and in the English language. Papers reporting on vitamin D supplementation in combination with other supplements, or not reporting on 25OHD or outcomes of the offspring were excluded. Six randomized controlled trials and 24 observational studies were finally included. In randomized controlled studies, vitamin D supplementation resulted in increased birthweight in one study, but showed no effect in five other studies. In cohort and case\u2013control studies, higher vitamin D intake, or higher 25OHD, was associated with increased birthweight in large studies only, and modified by vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and by race (U\u2010shaped in Caucasians in one unconfirmed study). The risks of HIV mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission, rhinitis symptoms and eczema were lower. Data were conflicting on the effect on respiratory infections and wheezing, whereas U\u2010shaped associations to inhalant allergen\u2010specific IgE at five years and to schizophrenia were reported in unconfirmed studies. The risk of type 1 diabetes at 15 years was lower or unchanged. It is concluded that observational studies suggest an effect of vitamin D on several outcomes. U\u2010Shaped associations warrant caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T21:33:18Z","timestamp":1354743198000},"page":"1368-1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The impact of vitamin D in pregnancy on extraskeletal health in children: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"HENRIK T.","family":"CHRISTESEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CLAES","family":"ELVANDER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RONALD F.","family":"LAMONT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAN 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