{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T04:33:48Z","timestamp":1697690028069},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both smoking and the release of nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>) in the uterine cervix are determinants for high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection. We compared the cervical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release between smoking and non\u2010smoking women with and without hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open clinical cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University Hospital in Finland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty\u2010five smoking and 301 non\u2010smoking women, with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0244) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0182) hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. In total, 264 women showed cytological and\/or histological cervical epithelial changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> was tested by an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> test and the release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> metabolites in the cervical fluid by the Griess reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The difference in cervical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release between smoking and non\u2010smoking women with and without hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> in smokers (70%) was more frequent (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.001) than in non\u2010smokers (52%). As a whole, smoking was accompanied by a 35% decrease (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release in hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected women (35.9\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, 95% confidence interval 27.0\u201344.2) compared with non\u2010smoking hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 infected women (48.3\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, 95% confidence interval 38.0\u201356.2). No difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release between smokers and non\u2010smokers was seen in women with healthy cervical epithelium, but smoking was accompanied by a suppressed (26%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.03) in women with either cytological or histological changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking may suppress <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> release in the uterine cervix in women with hr<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T02:24:35Z","timestamp":1362450275000},"page":"711-715","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Smoking is accompanied by a suppressed cervical nitric oxide release in women with high\u2010risk human papillomavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Rahkola\u2010Soisalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi S.","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki 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