{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:03:33Z","timestamp":1790406213407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the viscoelastic properties of cervical mucus plugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) shed during labor at term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population\/Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneously shed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s from 18 healthy women in active labor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viscoelastic properties of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s were investigated with a dynamic oscillatory rheometer using frequency and stress sweep experiments within the linear viscoelastic region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rheological variables obtained were as follows: elastic modulus (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032), viscous modulus (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2033) and tan delta (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2033\/<jats:italic>G\u2032<\/jats:italic>). Random\u2010effects regression was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s showed solid\u2010like viscoelastic behavior. This was substantiated by the elastic modulus which was three to four times greater than the viscous modulus and by tan delta, which was &lt;1 at all frequencies. Mean tan delta at 0.01\u00a0Hz was 0.38 (95% CI 0.34\u20130.43) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.23\u20130.32) at 1\u00a0Hz. The elastic modulus could be described by the relation <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2032(\u03c9)\u00a0=\u00a0K\u03c9<jats:sup><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> [mean <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 0.95 (95% CI 0.93\u20130.98)]. Despite relatively large variation in the rheological properties within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s, rheological variables obtained from frequency sweeps differed significantly among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>s are solid\u2010like viscoelastic structures. These rheological characteristics are probably essential for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content>'s ability to form and sustain a plug in the cervical canal during pregnancy, thereby reducing the risk of ascending infections. The technique described here might be used for evaluation of an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMP<\/jats:styled-content> viscoelasticity and preterm delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T07:19:18Z","timestamp":1385450358000},"page":"201-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The viscoelastic properties of the cervical mucus plug"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sara K.","family":"Bastholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naja","family":"Becher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Stubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark DTU Food Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis S.","family":"Chronakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark DTU Food Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Uldbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus 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