{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:39:29Z","timestamp":1768286369345,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,23]],"date-time":"2014-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop classification models of demographic\/clinical factors and biomarker data from spontaneous preterm birth in African Americans and Caucasians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of biomarker data using multivariate adaptive regression splines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MARS<\/jats:styled-content>), a supervised machine learning algorithm method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of data on 36 biomarkers from 191 women was reduced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MARS<\/jats:styled-content> to develop predictive models for preterm birth in African Americans and Caucasians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Samples<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal plasma, cord plasma collected at admission for preterm or term labor and amniotic fluid at delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were partitioned into training and testing sets. Variable importance, a relative indicator (0\u2013100%) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>) characterized results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate adaptive regression splines generated models for combined and racially stratified biomarker data. Clinical and demographic data did not contribute to the model. Racial stratification of data produced distinct models in all three compartments. In African Americans maternal plasma samples <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, angiopoietin 2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFRI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 modeled preterm birth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.98, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.86). In Caucasians <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> contributed to the model (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.84, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.68). African Americans cord plasma samples produced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012P70, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.82, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.66). Cord plasma in Caucasians modeled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGFII<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PDGFBB<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012P70, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.99, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.82). Amniotic fluid in African Americans modeled FasL, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFRII<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RANTES<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> KGF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IGFI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.95, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.89) and in Caucasians, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1 and angiopoietin 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> train: 0.94 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> test: 0.79).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate adaptive regression splines models multiple biomarkers associated with preterm birth and demonstrated racial disparity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T11:11:12Z","timestamp":1390821072000},"page":"382-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Multivariate adaptive regression splines analysis to predict biomarkers of spontaneous preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine Perinatal Research University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for 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