{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:40:11Z","timestamp":1784853611009,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]],"date-time":"2015-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine associations between maternal Asian ethnicity (South Asian and South East\/East Asian) and anal sphincter injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cross\u2010sectional study, comparing outcomes for Asian women with those of Australian and New Zealand women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large metropolitan maternity service in Victoria, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian\/New Zealand, South Asian and South East\/East Asian women who had a singleton vaginal birth from 2006 to 2012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relation between maternal ethnicity and anal sphincter injury was assessed by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal sphincter injury was defined as a third or fourth degree tear (with or without episiotomy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 32\u00a0653 vaginal births there was a significant difference in the rate of anal sphincter injury by maternal region of birth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). After adjustment for confounders, nulliparous women born in South Asian and South East\/East Asia were 2.6 (95% confidence interval 2.2\u20133.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.7\u20132.5; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) times more likely to sustain an anal sphincter injury than Australian\/New Zealand women, respectively. Parous women born in South Asian and South East\/East Asia were 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.8\u20133.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.5\u20132.7; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) times more likely to sustain an anal sphincter injury than Australian\/New Zealand women, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are ethnic differences in the rates of anal sphincter injury not fully explained by known risk factors for such trauma. This may have implications for care provision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T14:44:39Z","timestamp":1418395479000},"page":"308-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Maternal Asian ethnicity and the risk of anal sphincter injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Miranda","family":"Davies\u2010Tuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ritchie Centre MIMR\u2010PHI Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary\u2010Anne","family":"Biro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University Clayton Victoria 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