{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:57:02Z","timestamp":1773961022561,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009230","name":"Uppsala County Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between adverse childhood experiences (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>) and pain with onset during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen antenatal clinics in southern Mid\u2010Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 293 women invited to participate, 232 (79%) women agreed to participate in early pregnancy and were assessed in late pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Questionnaires were distributed in early and late pregnancy. The questionnaires sought information on socio\u2010demography, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>, pain location by pain drawing and pain intensity by visual analogue scales. Distribution of pain was coded in 41 predetermined areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain in third trimester with onset during present pregnancy: intensity, location and number of pain locations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In late pregnancy, 62% of the women reported any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> and 72% reported any pain location with onset during the present pregnancy. Among women reporting any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> the median pain intensity was higher compared with women without such an experience (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). The accumulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> displayed a positive association with the number of reported pain locations in late pregnancy (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). This association remained significant after adjusting for background factors in multiple regression analysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). When <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> was dichotomized the prevalence of pain did not differ between women with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>. The subgroup of women reporting physical abuse as a child reported a higher prevalence of sacral and pelvic pain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0003 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences were associated with higher pain intensities and larger pain distributions in late pregnancy, which are risk factors for transition to chronic pain postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T14:51:25Z","timestamp":1431442285000},"page":"840-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences influence development of pain during 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