{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:18:42Z","timestamp":1765268322751,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the reliability of fetal thymus measurement during first\u2010trimester screening, and associated fetal thymus size with crown\u2013rump length, maternal diseases and fetal outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective cohort of 971 normal singleton first\u2010trimester fetuses, we measured the anterior\u2013posterior diameter of the thymus in a midsagittal plane in 767 fetuses. The intra\u2010observer and inter\u2010observer reliabilities were tested by intra\u2010class correlation coefficient. We correlated thymus size with fetal crown\u2013rump length, and investigated its association with maternal diseases (diabetes mellitus, rheumatic disorders, hypertension and coagulation disorders) and fetal outcome (small for gestational age, preterm birth and umbilical artery <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>) using regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intra\u2010observer and inter\u2010observer reliabilities of fetal thymus measurement were excellent (intra\u2010class correlation coefficient 0.926, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.745\u20130.981 and 0.945, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.886\u20130.993, respectively). A linear relationship was found between crown\u2013rump length and thymus size (\u03b2 = 0.023, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes had a decreased fetal thymus size (\u03b2 = \u22120.209, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), whereas in pregnancies affected by maternal rheumatic disease the thymus size was increased (\u03b2 = 0.285, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Fetal thymus size was not associated with maternal hypertension or maternal coagulation disorders. There was a positive association between preterm birth and fetal thymus size (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurement of first\u2010trimester thymus size is reliable. Fetal thymus size has a linear correlation with crown\u2013rump length. Maternal diabetes, rheumatic disease and preterm birth appear to have an association with fetal thymus size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T12:46:33Z","timestamp":1444221993000},"page":"210-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessment of first\u2010trimester thymus size and correlation with maternal diseases and fetal outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith M. A.","family":"Borgelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2331-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mareike","family":"M\u00f6llers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0160-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria K.","family":"Falkenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6903-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Amler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-1235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Klockenbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1173(10)92005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the thymus gland in man: in which the origin of the Hassell's corpuscle of the human thymus is discovered","volume":"27","author":"Norris E\u2010H","year":"1938","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"volume-title":"1965 Developmental Anatomy","author":"Arey LB","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.1.43","article-title":"Sonographic measurement of the thymus in male and female fetuses","volume":"28","author":"Leon\u2010Luis J","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(78)90066-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.850666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Perinatal death and thymus gland","volume":"42","author":"Agapitos E","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Anat Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.302095131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174413000044"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faogs.12790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.12790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T03:15:03Z","timestamp":1695006903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.12790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.12790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.12790","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-6349"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0412"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}