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This review describes the current knowledge of the effects of preterm birth, and some of its common antecedents (chorioamnionitis, intra\u2010uterine growth restriction, and maternal antenatal corticosteroid administration), on the structure of the myocardium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A thorough literature search was conducted for articles relating to how preterm birth, and its antecedents, affect development of the heart. Given that sheep are an excellent model for the studies of cardiac development, this review has focused on experimental studies in sheep as well as clinical findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our review of the literature demonstrates that individuals born preterm are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life, including increased mean arterial pressure, abnormally shaped and sub\u2010optimally performing hearts and changes in the vasculature. The review highlights how antenatal corticosteroids, intra\u2010uterine growth restriction, and exposure to chorioamnionitis also have the potential to impact cardiac growth in the preterm newborn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth and its common antecedents (antenatal corticosteroids, intra\u2010uterine growth restriction, and chorioamnionitis) have the potential to adversely impact cardiac structure immediately following birth and in later life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T09:54:25Z","timestamp":1456480465000},"page":"652-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The effects of preterm birth and its antecedents on the cardiovascular 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