{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:53:12Z","timestamp":1790488392056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["25462546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25462546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26462468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26462468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some pregnant women develop significant proteinuria in the absence of hypertension. However, clinical significance of isolated gestational proteinuria (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content>) is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> in singleton pregnancies and the proportion of women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> who subsequently developed preeclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) among all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an observational study of 6819 women with singleton pregnancies at 12 centers, including 938 women with at least once determination of protein\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio (P\/Cr). Significant proteinuria in pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPIP<\/jats:styled-content>) was defined as P\/Cr (mg\/mg) level &gt;0.27. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPIP<\/jats:styled-content> in the absence of hypertension. Gestational hypertension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content>) preceding preeclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) was defined as preeclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> preceded <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPIP<\/jats:styled-content>. Simultaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> (S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) was defined as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> in which both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPIP<\/jats:styled-content> and hypertension occurred simultaneously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> were diagnosed in 130 (1.9%) and 158 (2.3%) of 6819 women, respectively. Of 130 women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content>, 32 (25%) progressed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> and accounted for 20% of all women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>. Hence, women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> had a relative risk of 13.1 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>; 9.2\u201318.5) for developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> compared with those without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> [25% (32\/130) vs. 1.9% (126\/6689)]. At diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPIP<\/jats:styled-content>, P\/Cr levels already exceeded 1.0 more often in women with S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> than in those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> [67% (33\/49) vs. 44% (14\/32), respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.031].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content> is a risk factor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> accounts for a considerable proportion (20%) of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T07:18:40Z","timestamp":1461568720000},"page":"1048-1054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Isolated gestational proteinuria preceding the diagnosis of preeclampsia \u2013 an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7663-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mana","family":"Obata\u2010Yasuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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