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The aim of this study was to assess the cervical collagen concentration in non\u2010pregnant women with a history of cervical insufficiency or of a short cervix in the second trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case\u2010control study we included non\u2010pregnant women one year or more after pregnancy: 55 controls with a history of normal delivery; 27 women with a history of cervical insufficiency; and 10 women with a history of a short cervix (&lt;5th percentile) and 10 women with a history of a long cervix (&gt;95th percentile) at gestational weeks 18\u201320. We obtained biopsies (3 \u00d7 3\u20134 mm) from the ectocervix and determined the collagen concentration by measuring the hydroxyproline concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with cervical insufficiency had lower collagen concentrations (63.5 \u00b1 5.1%; mean \u00b1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) compared with controls (68.2 \u00b1 5.4%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0004); area under the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROC<\/jats:styled-content> curve 0.73 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.62\u20130.84). A cut\u2010off value at 67.6% collagen resulted in a positive likelihood ratio of 3.2, a sensitivity of 60%, and a specificity of 81%. Also, women with a short cervix in the second trimester had lower collagen concentrations in a non\u2010pregnant state (62.1% \u00b1 4.9%) compared with women with a long cervix (67.8% \u00b1 5.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Both cervical insufficiency and a short cervix in the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with low cervical collagen concentrations in a non\u2010pregnant state more than one year after pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T16:27:40Z","timestamp":1491409660000},"page":"984-990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cervical collagen is reduced in non\u2010pregnant women with a history of cervical insufficiency and a short cervix"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Iben","family":"Sundtoft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus 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