{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:15:15Z","timestamp":1780427715839,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,5]],"date-time":"2017-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular microdissection sperm extraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TESE<\/jats:styled-content>) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>) has made biological fatherhood possible for many men with the most severe form of male infertility, non\u2010obstructive azoospermia. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TESE<\/jats:styled-content> was introduced in Turku in 2008, and by 2015, 100 Finnish men with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia have been operated on.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average age of the men was 33\u00a0years at the time of surgery. Forty\u2010eight had a needle biopsy previously and 56% had a testicular size &lt;15\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a065), Klinefelter syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015), operated cryptorchidism or torsion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010), and Y chromosome microdeletion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07). The pregnancy outcomes were followed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sperm recovery rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRR<\/jats:styled-content>) overall was 42%: 31% for idiopathic non\u2010obstructive azoospermia, 40% for Klinefelter syndrome, 57% for Y chromosome microdeletion <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>c, 90% for previous testicular surgery (mostly for cryptorchidism; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) and 67% for previous cytotoxic treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRR<\/jats:styled-content> with histopathologic diagnosis Sertoli\u2010cell\u2010only was 29%, and 44% for spermatogenic arrest. Age did not affect the outcome of the surgery. Small testicular size seemed to predict a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRR<\/jats:styled-content>. A previous needle biopsy did not predict a lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRR<\/jats:styled-content>. Surgical complications were rare. Of couples, 32 had at least one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> attempt, and 22 at least one live birth, giving a cumulative live birth rate of 69%. No major pregnancy complications occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRR<\/jats:styled-content> is comparable with international results, and the cumulative live birth rate similar to other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> indications in Finland. Physicians and specialists need to be made aware of new treatment options to enable biological fatherhood for men with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T10:56:41Z","timestamp":1507546601000},"page":"53-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Microdissection testicular sperm extraction in Finland \u2013 results of the first 100 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3102-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rauni","family":"Klami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Mankonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Perheentupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(82)90099-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38662-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01131497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92217-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1009879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.148719","article-title":"Clinical management of infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"17","author":"Esteves SC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.11.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.12.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew147"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faogs.13243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.13243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T17:03:46Z","timestamp":1696007026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.13243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.13243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13243","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}