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A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content> search through PubMed from 2000 to 2018 was conducted to identify all original English language articles published on medical treatment for colorectal endometriosis. Additional reports were identified by systematically reviewing reference lists and using the \u201csimilar articles\u201d function in PubMed. A total of 420 women with colorectal endometriosis treated with combined oral contraceptives, progestins, gonadotropin releasing\u2010hormone (Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content>) agonists and aromatase inhibitors have been described in eight case series, two retrospective cohort studies and four case reports. Published data consistently suggest that several hormonal medications can control most symptoms associated with intestinal endometriosis, provided the relative bowel lumen stenosis is less than 60%. Patients with irritative\u2010type symptoms appear to respond better than those with constipation. Overall, about two\u2010thirds of women were satisfied with the treatment received, independently of the drug used. Progestins are the compound supported by the largest body of evidence. The addition of aromatase inhibitors or, alternatively, the use of Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> agonists does not seem to be associated with better outcomes. Long\u2010term treatment with a progestin should be proposed as an alternative to surgery to patients with non\u2010severely sub\u2010occlusive endometriosis infiltrating the proximal rectum and sigmoid colon who are not seeking conception. The final decision should be shared together with the woman, respecting her preferences and priorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T13:57:29Z","timestamp":1518443849000},"page":"942-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Medical treatment in the management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the proximal rectum and sigmoid colon: a comprehensive literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Vercellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ca \u2018Granda Foundation \u2013 Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Milan 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