{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:07:13Z","timestamp":1761419233194,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who smoke, deliver significantly smaller infants. These infants have reduced levels of the vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) levels in the umbilical vessels, which may reduce fetal growth. Serum cotinine, the degradation product of nicotine, can be used to determine the level of tobacco exposure. Newborns of environmental smokers are suggested to be smaller and shorter in weight, length, and head circumference. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> levels have not yet been studied in these infants. We investigated the existence of a relation between maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> activity, concentration, and birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 263 healthy singleton pregnancies categorized into three groups according to measured cotinine levels: 175 nonsmokers, 38 smokers, and 50 environmental smokers. Cotinine was quantified by mass spectrometry with a detection limit of .2\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> activity and concentration were measured in endothelial cells (ECs) of the umbilical vein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants born to environmental smokers had similar weights to infants born to nonsmokers (47\u00a0g heavier, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.48). Cotinine concentrations were .06\/.09\/.12\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> (quartiles) in infants born to nonsmokers, .27\/.37\/.81\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> in infants born to women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and 43.0\/63.8\/108.1\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> in infants born to smokers. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> concentration was 1.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0.92\u00a0ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ECs (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) in nonsmokers and 1.71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.00\u00a0ng\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ECs in environmental smokers. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> activity was 52.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020.6\u00a0pmol <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010citrulline\/min\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ECs in nonsmokers and 48.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.8\u00a0pmol <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010citrulline\/min\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ECs in environmental smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants born to environmental smokers, as judged by umbilical serum cotinine levels close to .2\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>, are not associated with lower birthweight or reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> activity, or concentration in the fetal vascular bed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T22:22:59Z","timestamp":1530656579000},"page":"1309-1316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy has limited effect on infant birthweight and umbilical vein endothelial nitric oxide synthase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine K.","family":"Hedengran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malene R.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital  Skejby Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3446-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pal B.","family":"Szecsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University Hospital Holb\u00e6k  Holb\u00e6k Denmark"},{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Institute of Laboratory Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Institute of Laboratory Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Uldbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital  Skejby Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Stender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Washington DC;1964.https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/ps\/access\/nnbbmq.pdf. Accessed July 24 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General Atlanta GA;2014.https:\/\/www.surgeongeneral.gov\/library\/reports\/50-years-of-progress\/full-report.pdf. Accessed July 24 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Women and Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville MD;2001.https:\/\/thl.fi\/documents\/605763\/1449622\/Surgeon+general+2001_Women+and+Smoking.pdf\/6f1f9965-42c2-4ed5-861a-9ea3850ef37e. Accessed July 24 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F351","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.133553","article-title":"Environmental tobacco smoke and fetal health: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"93","author":"Leonardi\u2010Bee J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903505748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.4.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1999.00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121236"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cotinine validation of self\u2010reported smoking during pregnancy in the Swedish medical birth register","volume":"18","author":"Mattsson K","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601147517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9103398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.3.10.875"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.5.2149","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is associated with dose\u2010related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium\u2010dependent dilation in healthy young adults","volume":"88","author":"Celermajer DS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.674804"},{"volume-title":"Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy \u2010 Long\u2010Term Health Effects in the Offspring","year":"2015","author":"Kristina M","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00606635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318167d05b"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faogs.13419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.13419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T03:08:59Z","timestamp":1694920139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.13419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.13419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13419","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-6349"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0412"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}