{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:25:33Z","timestamp":1781501133338,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gynecological fistula (affecting female genital organs) leads to involuntary loss of urine or feces. In industrialized societies, fistulas occur mostly as complications of surgery, radiation therapy or inflammatory bowel disease. We sought to determine the incidence of gynecological fistula and type of surgical treatment provided in Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective national cohort study of women treated for gynecological fistula (International Classification of Disease\u201010 code N82) during 2008\u20102014, identified from the mandatory Norwegian Patient Registry. To compare groups, we utilized Chi\u2010square or non\u2010parametric tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 1627 women (.06% of the female Norwegian population) had 4475 hospital admissions with a diagnosis of gynecological fistula. In total, 1214\/1627 (75%) had fistula as the main diagnosis: 346 (29%) a urogenital fistula, 672 (55%) an enterogenital, 38 (3%) a genitocutaneous and 22 (2%) both urinary and enteral fistula. Surgery for gynecological fistula was performed in 723 women, an incidence rate of 4.2 per 100\u00a0000\u00a0person\u2010years (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2\u20104.3); gynecological procedures (mostly vaginal\/perineal) were performed in 163 women (23%), urological in 43 (6%), enteral in 267 (37%) and surgery involving multiple pelvic compartments in 250 (35%). Women undergoing fistula surgery had a median of three hospital contacts (95% CI 3\u20103), for 370 women (52%), the procedure was performed by a gynecologist, and 212 of these (29%) were also operated by urologists or gastroenterologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gynecological fistula is rare in Norway, with an overall incidence of 6\/10\u00a0000 in the female population, whereas the incidence of surgically treated fistula is 4.2\/100\u00a0000. However, the condition represents considerable morbidity for the individual patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1553057305000},"page":"1120-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incidence of gynecological fistula and its surgical treatment: A national registry\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Katrine F.","family":"B\u00f8rseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group Department of Clinical Medicine UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1997-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group Department of Clinical Medicine UiT \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torvid","family":"Kiserud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Treatment Center for Gynecological Fistula Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jone","family":"Trovik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Treatment Center for Gynecological Fistula Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00374-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003801698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Obstetric Fistula in the Developing World. An International Consultation on Vesicovaginal Fistula","author":"Muleta M","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1653-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"TrovikJ KiserudT ReimersC ThornhillH.Gynekologiske fistler [Gynecological fistula]. In: Veileder i gynekologi 2015. (in Norwegian no abstract available).http:\/\/legeforeningen.no\/Fagmed\/Norsk-gynekologisk-forening\/Veiledere\/Veileder-i-gynekologi-2015\/Gynekologiske-fistler. Accessed January 15 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(42)90009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Gynekologiske fistler til urinveier og tarm. [Uro\u2010 and enterovaginal fistulas]","volume":"127","author":"Egeland P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"The International Classification of Diseases\u201010.https:\/\/finnkode.ehelse.no\/#icd10\/0\/0\/0\/-1. Accessed January 15 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP).https:\/\/finnkode.ehelse.no\/#ncmpncsp\/0\/0\/0\/-1. Accessed January 15 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Statistics Norway.www.ssb.no\/en\/statbank\/table\/07459\/tableViewLayout1\/?rxxml:id=d078d428-71e9-4d25-b9ab-8b608d1737c9. 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