{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:45:40Z","timestamp":1788871540480,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite much literature on reference values of acid\u2010base status in umbilical cord blood at birth, there are as yet no studies performed to determine gestational age\u2010dependent references in cord venous blood and no studies on preterm acid\u2010base standards. Similarly, the normal reference range of Apgar scores for term and preterm infants has not yet been determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained from the maternity units of Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Malm\u00f6 and Lund, Sweden, from 2001 to 2010. Validated paired arterial and venous cord <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> values were obtained from 27\u00a0175 newborns, of whom 18\u00a0584 had spontaneous, non\u2010instrumental vaginal deliveries and a 5\u2010minute Apgar score equal to or greater than the median value for the individual gestational week. Simple linear and polynomial regression analyses were performed. Values were reported as mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation and median with 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median 5\u2010minute Apgar score was 7 for gestations shorter than 28\u00a0weeks, 8 for 28\u00a0weeks, 9 for 29\u201030\u00a0weeks, and 10 from 31\u00a0weeks onwards. A linear decline in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> for both cord arterial and venous blood was seen with advancing gestational age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median 5\u2010minute Apgar scores were &lt;10 before 31\u00a0weeks of gestation. Both umbilical cord arterial and venous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> decreased linearly with increasing gestational age. Further studies are needed to show whether gestational age\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> reference ranges might be preferred to fixed cut\u2010offs in the estimation of umbilical cord acidemia at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T12:45:55Z","timestamp":1563453955000},"page":"1618-1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Gestational age\u2010related reference values for Apgar score and umbilical cord arterial and venous <scp>pH<\/scp> in preterm and term newborns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0129-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehreen","family":"Zaigham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institution of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institution of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0792-1393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Olofsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institution of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-195301000-00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200611000-00058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ob.1996.v175.a74401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200308000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349.2010.513426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.099846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A regional perinatal database in southern Sweden\u2014a basis for quality assurance in obstetrics and neonatology","volume":"164","author":"Molin J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348609157390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38117.665197.F7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"3320","article-title":"Stora regionala skillnader i f\u00f6rlossningsv\u00e5rdens resultat [Large regional differences in perinatal outcome]","volume":"101","author":"Pakkanen M","year":"2004","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidningen"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"ABL700 Series Reference Manual","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90770-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70214-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11469.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445580.65983.d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Intrapartum care. 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