{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:42:08Z","timestamp":1790347328327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1082548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1082548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to evaluate the association between fetal sex and adverse pregnancy outcome, while correcting for fetal growth and gestational age at delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry (1999\u20102010) were used. The study population comprised all white European women with a singleton delivery between 25<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup> and 42<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks of gestation. Fetuses with structural or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Outcomes were antepartum death, intrapartum\/neonatal death (from onset of labor until 28\u00a0days after birth), perinatal death (antepartum death or intrapartum\/neonatal death), a composite of neonatal morbidity (including infant respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, periventricular leukomalacia, Apgar score &lt;7 at 5\u00a0minutes, and intracranial hemorrhage) and a composite adverse neonatal outcome (perinatal death or neonatal morbidity). Outcomes were expressed stratified by birthweight percentile (&lt;p10 [small for gestation], p10\u201090 [normal weight], &gt;p90 [large for gestation]) and gestational age at delivery (25<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201027<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>, 28<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201031<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>, 32<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201036<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>, 37<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201042<jats:sup>+6\u00a0<\/jats:sup>weeks). The association between fetal sex and outcome was assessed using the fetus at risk approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 1 742\u00a0831 pregnant women. We found no increased risk of antepartum, intrapartum\/neonatal and perinatal death in normal weight and large\u2010for\u2010gestation males born after 28<jats:sup>+0\u00a0<\/jats:sup>weeks compared with females. We found an increased risk of antepartum death among small\u2010for\u2010gestation males born after 28<jats:sup>+0\u00a0<\/jats:sup>weeks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">relative risk [RR]<\/jats:styled-content> 1.16\u20101.40). All males born after 32<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks of gestation suffered more neonatal morbidity than females regardless of birthweight percentile (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.07\u20101.34). Infant respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Apgar score &lt;7 at 5\u00a0minutes, and intracranial hemorrhage all occurred more often in males than in females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small\u2010for\u2010gestation males have an increased risk of antepartum death and all males born after 32<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks of gestation have an increased risk of neonatal morbidity compared with females. In contrast to findings in previous studies we found no increased risk of antepartum, intrapartum\/neonatal or perinatal death in normal weight and large\u2010for\u2010gestation males born after 28+0<jats:sup>\u00a0<\/jats:sup>weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T11:45:20Z","timestamp":1566215120000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Association between fetal sex, birthweight percentile and adverse pregnancy outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Bart Jan","family":"Voskamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1281-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrthe J. C. S.","family":"Peelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita C. J.","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben W. J.","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Pajkrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessel","family":"Ganzevoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9735-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda M.","family":"Kazemier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length. A comparison by race and sex","volume":"38","author":"Davis RO","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00566-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903300969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.10.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Sex ratio of human conceptuses","volume":"64","author":"Kellokumpu\u2010Lehtinen P","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(87)90001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198706000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(83)90234-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME0489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"WHO Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Pre\u2010Eclampsia and Eclampsia","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Planbureau SeC.Van hoog naar laag; van laag naar hoog. De sociaal\u2010ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van wijken tussen 1971 en 1995. [From high to low; from low to high. The socio\u2010spatial development of neighborhoods between 1971 and 1995.](In Dutch). Rijswijk: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau;1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"Fetal sex\u2010specific differences in gestational age at delivery in pre\u2010eclampsia: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"46","author":"Global Pregnancy Colllaboration:","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199509000-00012"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"New definition of small for gestational age based on fetal growth potential","volume":"65","author":"Gardosi J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318253d3df"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-004-0606-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7381.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(89)90113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-003-0486-9"},{"issue":"147","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants","volume":"196","author":"Fanaroff AA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306769"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.13709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aogs.13709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.13709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T14:07:02Z","timestamp":1694095622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.13709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.13709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}