{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:26:40Z","timestamp":1782916000059,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000306","name":"Tommy's Baby Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birthweight is a critical predictor of survival in extremely early\u2010onset fetal growth restriction (diagnosed pre\u201028\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation, with abnormal umbilical\/uterine artery Doppler waveforms), therefore accurate fetal weight estimation is a crucial component of antenatal management. Currently available sonographic fetal weight estimation models were predominantly developed in populations of mixed gestational age and varying fetal weights, but not specifically tested within the context of extremely early\u2010onset fetal growth restriction. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and precision of fetal weight estimation in this population and investigate whether model performance is affected by other factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases where a growth scan was performed within 48\u00a0hours of delivery (n\u00a0=\u00a065) were identified from a cohort of extremely early\u2010onset fetal growth\u2010restricted pregnancies at a single tertiary maternity center (n\u00a0=\u00a0159). Fetal biometry measurements were used to calculate estimated fetal weight using 21 previously published models. Systematic and random errors were calculated for each model and used to identify the best performing model, which in turn was used to explore the relationship between error and gestation, estimated fetal weight, fetal presentation, fetal asymmetry and amniotic fluid volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both systematic (median 8.2%; range \u221244.1 to 49.5%) and random error (median 11.6%; range 9.7\u201023.8%) varied widely across models. The best performing model was Hadlock head circumference\u2010abdominal circumference\u2010femur length (HC\u2010AC\u2010FL), regardless of gestational age, fetal size, fetal presentation or asymmetry, with an overall systematic error of 1.5% and random error of 9.7%. Despite this, it only calculated the estimated fetal weight within 10% of birthweight in 64.6% of cases. There was a weak negative relation between mean percentage error with Hadlock HC\u2010AC\u2010FL and amniotic fluid volume, suggesting fetal weight is overestimated at lower liquor volumes and underestimated at higher liquor volumes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002, adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.08).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hadlock HC\u2010AC\u2010FL is the most accurate model currently available to estimate fetal weight in extremely early\u2010onset fetal growth restriction independent of gestation or fetal size, asymmetry or presentation. However, for 35.4% of cases in this study, estimated fetal weight calculated using this model deviates by more than 10% from birthweight, highlighting a need for an improved model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T20:43:30Z","timestamp":1570653810000},"page":"364-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluating the accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation models in extremely early\u2010onset fetal growth restriction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne K.","family":"Warrander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Center Division of Developmental Biology, Medicine &amp; Health School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine &amp; Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"St Mary\u2019s Hospital Manchester Academic Health Science Center Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2226-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Center Division of Developmental Biology, Medicine &amp; Health School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine &amp; Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"St Mary\u2019s Hospital Manchester Academic Health Science Center Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander E. 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