{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:28:02Z","timestamp":1785842882923,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007247","name":"Svenska Kulturfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004810","name":"Samfundet Folkh\u00e4lsan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking has been shown to affect glucose homeostasis and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and smoking are known to influence offspring birthweight. The effect of smoking on glucose homeostasis in pregnancy is less studied and the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on risk for GDM and to evaluate the impact of smoking and GDM on offspring birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is an observational cohort study encompassing 4111 Finnish primiparous women from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who delivered a singleton child between 2009 and 2015. Data were obtained from Finnish national registers. Study participants had complete oral glucose tolerance test results and were divided into three groups according to smoking status: non\u2010smokers (I), smokers who quit during first trimester (II), and smokers who continued after first trimester (III).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of GDM was 19.8%, 24.3%, and 26.6% in non\u2010smokers, those who quit, and those who continued after the first trimester, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004 for differences between groups). The odds ratio for GDM in smokers who continued after the first trimester compared with non\u2010smokers was 1.65 (95% CI 1.09\u20102.57) after adjustments for age, prepregnancy body mass index, education, and cohabitation. In women without GDM, offspring birthweight was lowest in those who continued smoking after the first trimester (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.010 for differences between groups). In women with GDM, smoking status did not influence offspring birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for GDM. Offspring birthweight is lowest in women who continue smoking after the first trimester. If pregnancy is complicated by GDM, offspring birthweight is not influenced by smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T09:34:07Z","timestamp":1590658447000},"page":"1632-1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of smoking on gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring birthweight in primiparous women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senja","family":"Masalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Unit Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirjo","family":"Pennanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vantaa Health Center Vantaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan G.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merja K.","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0699-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00316-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/03009734000000046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550130052036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-8-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.2994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1500547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001669187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818804417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"1798","article-title":"Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. 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