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In the preantral phase, the members of the transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2) superfamily are responsible for this communication and play an important role in folliculogenesis. Members of the TGF\u2010\u03b2 superfamily are related to endometriosis (overexpression in the ectopic endometrium); however, few studies have explored these proteins as influencing fertility in endometriosis. Considering endometriosis\u2010related infertility and to better understand the role of the TGF\u2010\u03b2 superfamily members in the antral phase in women with endometriosis, this research investigated the gene expression of the genes for ligands <jats:italic>AMH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP\u20106<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GDF\u20109<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>INHA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>INHBB<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b23<\/jats:italic>; receptors <jats:italic>AMHR2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMPR2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R3<\/jats:italic>; and intracellular signalling: <jats:italic>SMAD3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SMAD4<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gene expression of <jats:italic>AMH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP\u20106<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GDF\u20109<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>INHA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>INHBB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TGF\u03b23<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>AMHR2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMPR2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SMAD3<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>SMAD4<\/jats:italic> in cumulus cells was investigated through quantitative real\u2010time PCR in a case\u2010control study including infertile women with and without peritoneal endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age and outcomes of assisted reproduction were similar between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). However, women with endometriosis showed reduced expression of <jats:italic>BMP\u20106<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SMAD4<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in cumulus cells compared with the control group, other genes did not present altered gene expression in women with endometriosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduced expression of <jats:italic>BMP\u20106<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SMAD4<\/jats:italic> in women with peritoneal endometriosis compared with the control group indicates that granulosa (cumulus) cell function could be altered in these women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T05:24:41Z","timestamp":1591853081000},"page":"868-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>BMP\u20106<\/i> and <i>SMAD4<\/i> gene expression is altered in cumulus cells from women with endometriosis\u2010associated infertility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8315-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"De Conto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 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