{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:50:55Z","timestamp":1788187855404,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\u20101504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\u20101504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 2087\u2010398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2087\u2010398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breastfed infants depend on breast\u2010milk iodine for growth and brain development, as iodine is a trace element important for thyroid hormone production. Iodine need is higher during lactation; hence, mothers and children are at risk of iodine deficiency. We aimed to explore maternal iodine and thyroidal status during lactation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women were recruited in Gothenburg, southwest Sweden. Maternal urine and serum were collected at pregnancy week 35\u201037 (n\u00a0=\u00a084) and 0.5, 4, and 12\u00a0months postpartum. Seventy mothers provided breast milk at 0.5\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (interquartile range) breast\u2010milk iodine concentration was 90 (66\u2010116) \u03bcg\/L. About 58% had breast\u2010milk iodine concentration &lt;100\u00a0\u03bcg\/L. Iodine supplement users (n\u00a0=\u00a013) had higher breast\u2010milk iodine concentration than non\u2010users (n\u00a0=\u00a049) (140\u00a0\u03bcg\/L vs 71\u00a0\u03bcg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001). Exclusively breastfeeding women at 4\u00a0months postpartum (n\u00a0=\u00a057) had lower median urinary iodine concentration (85\u00a0\u03bcg\/L vs 133\u00a0\u03bcg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004) and higher thyroglobulin serum concentration (22.3\u00a0\u03bcg\/L vs 11.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032) than non\u2010exclusively breastfeeding women (n\u00a0=\u00a025). Concentrations of thyroid hormones were unaffected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study suggests that lactating women in southwest Sweden present mildly inadequate iodine intake, mainly among non\u2010iodine supplement users and exclusively breastfeeding mothers. Studies on the coverage of the iodine fortification program in breastfeeding women are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T13:35:23Z","timestamp":1599140123000},"page":"48-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inadequate iodine intake in lactating women in Sweden: A pilot 1\u2010year, prospective, observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Manousou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Fr\u00f6lunda Specialist Hospital V\u00e4stra Fr\u00f6lunda Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Eggertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Hulth\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Filipsson Nystr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"The Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.242560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.Guidance on the Monitoring of Salt Iodization Programmes and Determination of Population Iodine Status 2015. 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