{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:19Z","timestamp":1787013859598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consanguineous unions occur when a couple are related outside marriage and is associated with adverse genetic and perinatal outcomes for affected offspring. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (i) background characteristics, (ii) uptake of prenatal and postnatal investigation and (iii) diagnostic outcomes of UK consanguineous couples presenting with a fetal structural anomaly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective and partly prospective cohort study comparing consanguineous (n\u00a0=\u00a062) and non\u2010consanguineous (n\u00a0=\u00a0218) pregnancies with current or previous fetal structural anomalies reviewed in a UK prenatal genetic clinic from 2008 to 2019. Outcomes were compared using odds ratios (OR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most consanguineous couples were of Pakistani ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 13\u201062) and required use of an interpreter [OR 9, 95% CI 4\u201020). In the consanguineous group, the uptake of prenatal invasive testing was lower (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2\u20100.7) and the number declining follow up was greater (OR 10, 95% CI 3\u201034) than in the non\u2010consanguineous group. This likely explained the lower proportion of consanguineous couples where a final definitive unifying diagnosis to explain the fetal structural anomalies was reached (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2\u20100.6). When a diagnosis was obtained in this group, it was always postnatal and most often using genomic sequencing technologies (OR 6, 95% CI 1\u201027). The risk of perinatal death was greater (OR 3, 95% CI 1\u20106) in the consanguineous group, as was the risk of fetal structural anomaly recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy (OR 4, 95% CI 1\u201013). There was no difference in the uptake of perinatal autopsy or termination of pregnancy between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consanguineous couples are a vulnerable group in the prenatal setting. Although adverse perinatal outcomes in this group are more common secondary to congenital anomalies, despite the evolution of genomic sequencing technologies, due to a lower uptake of prenatal testing it is less likely that a unifying diagnosis is obtained and recurrence can occur. There is a need for proactive genetic counseling and education from the multidisciplinary team, addressing language barriers as well as religious and cultural beliefs in an attempt to optimize reproductive options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T13:00:45Z","timestamp":1604149245000},"page":"418-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diagnostic and perinatal outcomes in consanguineous couples with a structural fetal anomaly: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fionnuala","family":"Mone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Centre Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research College of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asfa","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Abu Subieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Centre Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Marton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midland's Perinatal Pathology Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Service Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Kilby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Centre Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research College of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000362598"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Birmingham City Council Population and Census.KS201 ethnic group.2011.https:\/\/www.birmingham.gov.uk\/downloads\/file\/9741\/2018_ks201_ethnic_group(accessed 27 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Department for Communities and Local Government.The way forward: an independent review of the governance and organisational capabilities of Birmingham City Council: Supporting analysis. 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