{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1770520735518,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201303546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201303546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20132095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20132095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201300771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201300771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Sweden, the law treats female genital cutting (FGC) differently from male genital cutting (MGC). However, the comparability of the medical, ethical, and legal aspects of genital cutting of girls and boys are increasingly discussed by scholars, although little is known about how practicing communities view these aspects. This study aimed to explore attitudes towards comparison of genital cutting of girls and boys among Swedish Somalis, and to investigate factors associated with considering the two practices to be comparable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional questionnaire with 648 Swedish Somali men and women from four Swedish cities, descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the Swedish Somalis, 10% considered FGC and MGC to be comparable practices. A majority (98%) of the participants thought FGC could cause long\u2010term health complications, but only 1% considered the physical health disadvantage of MGC would outweigh the physical health benefits. FGC was perceived to be a violation of children's rights by 60%, whereas this proportion for MGC was 3%. Individuals who had a dominant bridging social capital and those who expressed that performing FGC follows religion were more likely to think that FGC and MGC were comparable practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased global attention and emphasis on the comparability of genital cutting of boys and girls was not reflected in this study among Swedish Somalis. Rather, attitudes reflected the common description of the two practices in global public health campaigns, portraying FGC as a harmful practice violating children's rights, while describing MGC as a public health measure. Social interactions and separation of FGC from religion could explain why FGC and MGC were not considered comparable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T08:22:45Z","timestamp":1612772565000},"page":"604-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attitudes towards comparison of male and female genital cutting in a Swedish Somali population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Hanberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health Uppsala University Akademiska Sjukhuset University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Ess\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health Uppsala University Akademiska Sjukhuset University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health Uppsala University Akademiska Sjukhuset University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Lag med f\u00f6rbud mot k\u00f6nsstympning av kvinnor [Act on Prohibiting Female Genital Mutilation of Women]","author":"Swedish Code of Statutes, SFS 1982:316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Lag om omsk\u00e4relse av pojkar [Act regulating circumcision of boys]","author":"Swedish Code of Statutes, SFS 2001:499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.9783\/9780812292510","volume-title":"The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective","author":"Gruenbaum E","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Female \u201cCircumcision\u201d in Africa: Culture, Controversy, and Change","author":"Mackie G","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Female Genital Mutilation: Evidence Brief [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Safe, Voluntary, Informed Male Circumcision and Comprehensive HIV Prevention: Programming Guidance for Decision\u2010makers on Human Rights, Ethical and Legal Considerations [Internet]","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14754830903324795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15718182-02402001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"EarpB DarbyR.Circumcision Sexual Experience and Harm [Internet].Rochester NY:Social Science Research Network;2017. Report No.: ID 2986449.https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2986449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016934411203000404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2005.19.2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement \u2010 OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO [Internet]","author":"WHO","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13642987.2016.1260007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.31899\/rh7.1021","volume-title":"Female Genital Cutting in Somaliland: Baseline Assessment [Internet]","author":"Newell\u2010Jones K","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-016-0073-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0351-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2018.1502472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2016.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ojls\/gqaa001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-0302-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2019.1643945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden.Utrikes f\u00f6dda efter f\u00f6delseland k\u00f6n och \u00e5lder [Foreign\u2010born by County of Birth Gender and Age]. In Swedish.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Open Society Foundations, Open Society Initiative for Europe, At Home in Europe Project. Somalis in Malm\u00f6","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Continuity or Change? Improved Understanding of Attitudes Towards Female Genital Cutting after Migration from Somalia to Sweden","author":"Wahlberg A","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330390170097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"146","volume-title":"Body Studies: The Basics [Internet]","author":"Richardson N","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2016.1214748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468796819896089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1360200032000139983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"To mutilate in the name of Jehovah or Allah: legitimization of male and female circumcision children","volume":"13","author":"Abu\u2010Sahlieh SAA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S93217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2013.815681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2017.1400104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.3.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38873.649074.55"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.14114","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aogs.14114","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aogs.14114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T01:27:18Z","timestamp":1693618038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aogs.14114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aogs.14114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}