{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:35:15Z","timestamp":1775266515578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to determine if self\u2010collection of vaginal samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was acceptable and feasible in rural Tanzania and to assess the extent of attendance at a follow\u2010up appointment among women who tested HPV\u2010positive after delivery of HPV results via text messages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined cross\u2010sectional and cohort study was conducted among women aged 25\u201060\u00a0years from rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Women were offered HPV self\u2010sampling or traditional visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid. If HPV self\u2010sampling was preferred, participants received instructions on self\u2010collection with an Evalyn Brush. A questionnaire was used to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the self\u2010sampling procedure for the participants and delivery of HPV results via text messages. A mobile text message platform was used to send private text messages with the screening results to the participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1108 women were enrolled and self\u2010collected an HPV sample; 11.8% tested positive for high\u2010risk HPV. The majority (98.9%) agreed that they had no trouble in understanding the instructions on how to perform the self\u2010collection and that they would recommend it to a friend (94.5%) or as a standard screening method in Tanzania (95.5%). A minority of women experienced bleeding (2.4%) or pain (6%) while collecting the sample, while some were worried that they would get hurt (12.7%) or felt embarrassed (3.5%). The majority (98.4%) of women would like to receive the screening test results via text messages. Eighty\u2010two per\u00a0cent of those who tested positive for high\u2010risk HPV attended the follow\u2010up appointment after receiving a text message reminder and an additional 16% attended after receiving both a text message and a phone call reminder whereas 2% did not attend follow up at all. Attendance was not influenced by age, marital status, education level, parity, or HIV status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus self\u2010sampling and text\u2010message feedback delivery are generally well\u2010perceived and accepted among rural Tanzanian women, and the majority of HPV\u2010positive women attended a follow\u2010up appointment after receiving their HPV results and follow\u2010up appointment via text messages. This screening method may have potential to be transferrable to other low\u2010income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer and so improve cervical cancer screening attendances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T14:18:46Z","timestamp":1612793926000},"page":"802-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Acceptability and feasibility of self\u2010sampling and follow\u2010up attendance after text message delivery of human papillomavirus results: A cross\u2010sectional study nested in a cohort in rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7226-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Mremi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Moshi Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0851-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ditte S.","family":"Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bariki","family":"Mchome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Moshi Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Moshi Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Schledermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Blaak\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibeke","family":"Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Cancer Research. Tanzania United Republic of Source: Globocan 2018 [Internet]: International Agency for Cancer Research; 2018. 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