{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:20:56Z","timestamp":1790349656105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study whether paternal age exerts an effect, independent of maternal age, on the outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization\/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF\/ICSI) cycles. Semen quality deteriorates with increasing paternal age; however, there is conflicting evidence for any impact paternal age may have on the outcome of IVF\/ICSI. Several retrospective and prospective cohort studies have shown that paternal age increases the miscarriage rate and reduces the live birth rate. Some studies have shown no effect of paternal age on live birth rate or miscarriage rate. Studies involving donor oocytes have tended to show no independent effect of paternal age on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. The age at which paternal age may exert a significant deleterious effect on outcome is not known and there is no limit to paternal age in IVF\/ICSI treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single\u2010center retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, London, UK. Included in the analysis were all couples with primary or secondary infertility undergoing IVF\/ICSI cycles in which the male partner produced a fresh semen sample and the cycle proceeded to fresh embryo transfer. All cycles of IVF\/ICSI that used donor oocytes\u2014donor sperm, frozen sperm, cycles leading to embryo storage and cycles including preimplantation genetic testing (PGT\u2010A\/PGT\u2010M)\u2014were excluded from analysis. The primary outcome was live birth rate and secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with live birth as a dependent variable and maternal and paternal age class as independent variables was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period there were 4833 cycles, involving 4271\u00a0men, eligible for analysis; 1974\/4833 (40.8%, 95% confiene intervals [CI] 39.5\u201342.2%) cycles resulted in a live birth. A significantly lower proportion of men over 51\u00a0years met World Health Organization semen analysis criteria (56\/133, [42.1%, 95% CI 34.1\u201350.6]) compared with men under 51\u00a0years of age (2530\/4138 [61.1%, 95% CI 60.0\u201362.6]) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Both maternal and paternal age were retained in the multivariate model and for all maternal age subgroups the probability of live birth decreased with paternal age over 50\u00a0years (odds ratio [OR] 0.674, 95% CI 0.482\u20130.943) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.021). Paternal age over 50\u00a0years was not an independent predictor of miscarriage (OR 0.678, 95% CI 0.369\u20131.250) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.214).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paternal age over 50\u00a0significantly affects the chance of achieving a live birth following ART. Paternal age does not independently affect the risk of miscarriage following ART. There should be a public health message for men not to delay fatherhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T05:01:58Z","timestamp":1629262918000},"page":"1858-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Paternal age over 50 years decreases assisted reproductive technology (ART) success: A single UK center retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0978-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health London UK"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London 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