{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:08:08Z","timestamp":1791295688747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global increase of individuals born by cesarean section with reported levels up to 20% of all deliveries, makes it important to study cesarean section and possible associations that can increase risk of subsequent diseases in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate if cesarean section is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal disease later in life in a large population\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this national population\u2010based cohort study including all full\u2010term individuals registered in the Medical Birth Register in Sweden between 1990 and 2000, type of delivery (exposure) was collected from the Medical Birth Register. The study population was followed until 2017 with regards to the outcomes: inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), appendicitis, cholecystitis, or diverticulitis registered in the Swedish National Patient Register. Cox proportional\u2010hazards models compared disease\u2010free survival time between exposed and unexposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final study population consisted of 1\u2009102\u2009468 individuals of whom 11.6% were delivered by cesarean section and 88.4% were vaginally delivered. In univariate analysis, cesarean section was associated with Crohn's disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20131.25), diverticulosis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13\u20132.18), and cholecystitis (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.28). However, the increased risk only remained for Crohn's disease after adjustment for confounders (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.27). No associations between delivery mode and appendicitis, ulcerative colitis, cholecystitis, or diverticulosis were found in the multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cesarean section is associated with Crohn's disease later in life, but no other association between delivery mode and gastrointestinal disorders later in life could be found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T07:15:14Z","timestamp":1659597314000},"page":"1146-1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Delivery mode and risk of gastrointestinal disease in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Hellsing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital &amp; Department of Clinical Sciences Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne K.","family":"\u00d6rtqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Visby County Hospital  Visby Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Unit for Medical Statistics Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mesas\u2010Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf O.","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital &amp; 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