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The aim of this study was to investigate associations between risk of GDM and gestational weight gain in early pregnancy and before diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our population\u2010based cohort study included 131\u2009164 singleton pregnancies in the Stockholm\u2010Gotland region in Sweden from 2008 through 2013. The exposures were weight gain in early pregnancy (&lt;22\u2009weeks) and weight gain before diagnosis, standardized into gestational age\u2010specific <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores. The outcome was GDM. We used logistic regression models with a generalized estimating equations method to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for GDM, stratified by early\u2010pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Above average weight gain before diagnosis (<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score\u2009&gt;0) was associated with increased risk of GDM among all BMI groups except for obese III. Early gestational weight gain above average was associated with increased risk for GDM in overweight women. Below average weight gain before diagnosis (<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score\u2009&lt;0) was only associated with decreased risk of GDM in obese III. Early gestational weight gain below average was associated with reduced risks of GDM in obese class I, II, and III women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of GDM increased with higher weight gain before diagnosis in all BMI groups except obese class III, whereas the risk was reduced with lower weight gain before diagnosis in obese III women only. The risk of GDM increased with higher early gestational weight gain in overweight women, while the risk was reduced with lower early gestational weight gain among obese women. Obese women may benefit from lower weight gain, especially in early pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T09:14:09Z","timestamp":1662542049000},"page":"1253-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to early pregnancy and gestational weight gain before diagnosis: A\u00a0population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiling","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer 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Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Arkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181cfce4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Weight Gain During 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