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We aimed to estimate the association between sociodemographic factors and cervical neoplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this Swedish nationwide open cohort study, 4\u2009120\u2009557 women aged \u226515\u2009years at baseline were included between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. The two outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ identified in the Swedish Cancer Register. Sociodemographic factors (age, education level, family income level, region of residency, country of origin) were the main predictors. Incidence rates per 10\u2009000 person\u2010years were calculated. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, including parity, urogenital infections, alcohol\u2010 and drug\u2010use disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (used as a proxy for tobacco abuse).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 38.9\u00a0million person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 5781 (incidence rate: 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4\u20131.5) and 62\u2009249 (incidence rate 16.9, 95% CI 15.9\u201316.1) women were diagnosed with cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ, respectively. Women from Eastern Europe had a hazard ratio of 1.18 (95% CI 1.05\u20131.33) for cervical cancer compared with Swedish\u2010born women, while women from non\u2010Western regions were inversely associated with cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ. Women with a low education level had a hazard ratio of 1.37 (95% CI 1.29\u20131.45) for cervical cancer compared with women with a high education level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women from the Middle East and Africa living in Sweden seem to suffer less from cervical neoplasia, whereas women with low education and women from Eastern Europe seem to suffer more from cervical cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T08:59:58Z","timestamp":1667552398000},"page":"114-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cervical neoplasia in relation to socioeconomic and demographic factors \u2013 a nationwide cohort study 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