{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:16:54Z","timestamp":1783466214071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81302277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81302277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202001AY070001\u2010128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AY070001\u2010128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202005AF150033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202005AF150033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few prospective studies have revealed the long\u2010term neuromuscular alterations of pelvic floor after vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of episiotomy on the electrical activity of pelvic floor muscle 2\u2009years following vaginal delivery, and explore the relation between surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitudes and urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 427 primiparous women with full\u2010term singleton vaginal delivery were included in the cohort and 362 with no further births within the 2\u2009year follow\u2010up completed observations. Of these, 200 underwent episiotomy and 162 underwent nonepisiotomy. Clinical demographic characteristics, vaginal EMG variables and urinary incontinence\u2010specific questionnaire scores were collected at 6\u2009weeks, 6, 12 and 24\u2009months after childbirth, respectively. Primary outcomes were the comparison of sEMG values between the episiotomy and nonepisiotomy groups throughout 2\u2009years. Secondary outcomes were the correlation between sEMG of both groups and the incidence and severity of urinary incontinence. Spearman's correlation analysis, Kruskal\u2010Wallis test and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amplitude of maximal fast and endurance contractions on sEMG in the episiotomy group was significantly lower than the nonepisiotomy counterpart. Such difference of sEMG persisted for a long period after birth: endurance contraction, 33.12\u2009\u00b1\u20098.92 vs 35.085\u2009\u00b1\u20099.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 at 24\u2009months, and fast contraction, 36.53\u2009\u00b1\u20098.87 vs 39.05\u2009\u00b1\u20099.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01 at 12\u2010month. Although there was no significant difference in incidence and severity of urinary incontinence between both groups, a negative correlation existed between EMG values of muscle contraction and urinary incontinence symptoms throughout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primiparous women delivered with episiotomy demonstrated lower contractile sEMG activity of pelvic floor muscle in the long term. The lower sEMG values of fast contraction were associated with urinary incontinence symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1669794944000},"page":"200-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Two year follow\u2010up and comparison of pelvic floor muscle electromyography after first vaginal delivery with and without episiotomy and its correlation with urinary incontinence: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7724-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xudong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyu","family":"Qiubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Pingping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyu","family":"Yuhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Guifang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gai","family":"Tianzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric 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