{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:42:19Z","timestamp":1792388539918,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nowadays, proinflammatory factors are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of threatened preterm labor or chorioamnionitis. The aim of this study was to establish the normal reference range for interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) levels in the amniotic fluid and to identify factors which may alter this value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study in a tertiary\u2010level center including asymptomatic pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis for genetic studies from October 2016 to September 2019. IL\u20106 measurements in amniotic fluid were performed using a fluorescence immunoassay with microfluidic technology (ELLA Proteinsimple, Bio Techne). Maternal history and pregnancy data were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 140 pregnant women. Of those, women who underwent termination of pregnancy were excluded. Therefore, a total of 98 pregnancies were included in the final statistical analysis. The mean gestational age was 21.86\u2009weeks (range: 15\u201338.7) at the time of amniocentesis, and 38.6\u2009weeks (range: 30.9\u201341.4) at delivery. No cases of chorioamnionitis were reported. The log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> IL\u20106 values follow a normal distribution (<jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.990, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.692).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The median, and the 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles for IL\u20106 levels were 573, 105, 130, 1645, and 2260\u2009pg\/mL, respectively. The log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> IL\u20106 values were not affected by gestational age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.395), maternal age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.376), body mass index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.551), ethnicity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.467), smoking status (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.933), parity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.557), method of conception (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.322), or diabetes mellitus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.381).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> IL\u20106 values follow a normal distribution. IL\u20106 values are independent of gestational age, maternal age, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, parity and method of conception. Our study provides a normal reference range for IL\u20106 levels in the amniotic fluid that can be used in future studies. We also observed that normal IL\u20106 values were higher in the amniotic fluid than in serum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]],"date-time":"2023-03-12T07:30:45Z","timestamp":1678606245000},"page":"480-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reference values for interleukin\u20106 in the amniotic fluid of asymptomatic pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"del Barco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Franco\u2010Jarava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4980-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerea","family":"Ma\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona 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Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) Instituto Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) Instituto Salud Carlos III  Madrid 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