{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:18:44Z","timestamp":1782879524837,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of perinatal mental health problems was expected to increase during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. We prospectively investigated the impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in Norway and explored associations with their sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sociodemographic information and the self\u2010reported impact of pandemic on wellbeing of pregnant women was collected using an online survey. To assess women's mental health, two validated questionnaires, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20107 item Scale (GAD\u20107), were used prenatally and postnatally. Personality traits were evaluated using HumanGuide, a web\u2010based ipsative psychological evaluation instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>772 women were included prenatally, of which 526 also responded to the survey 4\u20136\u2009weeks postnatally. The median age was 29\u2009years, 53.6% of the women were nulliparous when enrolled, and 35.1% worked in the healthcare sector. The median EPDS (6.0; interquartile range [IQR] 3.0\u201310.0 vs 6.0; IQR: 3.0\u201310.0) and the median GAD\u20107 (5.0; IQR 2.0\u20139.0 vs 5.0; IQR 2.0\u20139.0) were similar pre\u2010and postnatally. Prenatally, the proportion of women scoring \u226513 on EPDS and \u226510 on GAD\u20107 was 14.5% (112\/772) and 21.5% (166\/772), whereas the postnatal figures were 15.6% (82\/526) and 21.5% (113\/526), respectively. The differences were not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.59 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.99). Being &lt;25\u2009years of age, being on pre\u2010pregnancy psychotherapy or psychotropic medication, frequent voluntary isolation, perception of maternity care not proceeding normally, avoiding seeking medical assistance due to fear of infection and having negative economic consequences during the COVID19 pandemic significantly increased the risk of both anxiety (GAD\u20107\u2009\u226510) and depression (EPDS\u2009\u226513). Nullipara had a higher risk of anxiety, whereas being a healthcare worker had a lower risk. The personality trait factors <jats:italic>Power<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), <jats:italic>Quality<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), <jats:italic>Stability<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:italic>Contacts<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significant predictors of depression among pregnant women, whereas the <jats:italic>Quality<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) and <jats:italic>Contacts<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) were significant predictors of anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the initial phase of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, the prevalence of depression (EPDS\u2009\u2265\u200913) and anxiety (GAD\u20107\u2009\u2265\u200910) was 14.5% and 21.5%, respectively, among Norwegian pregnant women. Certain sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits were significant predictors of depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T11:49:59Z","timestamp":1677239399000},"page":"270-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on women's perinatal mental health and its association with personality traits: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Karine S.","family":"Birkelund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solrun S.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1955-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone E.","family":"Shwank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention &amp; Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention &amp; Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1997-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences UiT\u2010The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention &amp; Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Center for Fetal Medicine Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.187179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.2910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480151108525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"869","article-title":"Le destin du test de Szondi en France. \u201cHistorique, recherches critiques, validit\u00e9\u201d. 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