{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:54:54Z","timestamp":1787738094509,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm delivery and its complications are among the biggest challenges and health risks in obstetrical practice. Several tocolytic agents are used in clinical practice, although the efficacy and side effect profiles of these drugs are not satisfying. The aim of this study was to investigate the uterus relaxant effect of the coadministration of \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mimetic terbutaline and magnesium sulfate (MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) in an isolated organ bath and to perform in vivo smooth muscle electromyographic (SMEMG) studies in pregnant rats. In addition, we also investigated whether the tachycardia\u2010inducing effect of terbutaline can be reduced by the presence of magnesium, due to the opposite heart rate modifying effects of the two agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the isolated organ bath studies, rhythmic contractions of 22\u2010day\u2010 pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were stimulated with KCl, and cumulative dose\u2013response curves were constructed in the presence of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> or terbutaline. The uterus\u2010relaxing effects of terbutaline were also investigated in the presence of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in both normal buffer and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010poor buffer. The in vivo SMEMG studies were carried out under anesthesia with the subcutaneous implantation of an electrode pair. The animals were treated with MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> or terbutaline alone or in combination in a cumulative bolus injection. The implanted electrode pair also detected the heart rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and terbutaline reduced uterine contractions in vitro and in vivo, furthermore, the administration of a small dose of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly enhanced the relaxant effect of terbutaline, especially in the lower range. However, in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010poor environment, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was not able to increase the effect of terbutaline, indicating the role of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> as a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel blocker. In the cardiovascular studies, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly decreased the tachycardia\u2010inducing effect of terbutaline in late pregnant rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined application of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and terbutaline may have clinical significance in tocolysis, which must be confirmed in clinical trials. Furthermore, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> could substantially reduce the tachycardia\u2010inducing side effect of terbutaline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T05:59:15Z","timestamp":1676872755000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combined uterorelaxant effect of magnesium sulfate and terbutaline: Studies on late pregnant rat uteri in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Barna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalman F.","family":"Szucs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mirdamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Hajagos\u2010Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Albert Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02212-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","article-title":"Combination of tocolytic agents for inhibiting preterm labour","volume":"7","author":"Vogel JP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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