{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:01:06Z","timestamp":1770537666490,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global sequence of the pathogenesis of preterm labor remains unclear. This study aimed to compare amniotic fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix\u2010related proteins (procollagen, osteopontin and IL\u201033), and of cytokines (IL\u201019, IL\u20106, IL\u201020, TNF\u03b1, TGF\u03b2, and IL\u20101\u03b2) in asymptomatic women with and without subsequent spontaneous preterm delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used amniotic fluid samples of singleton pregnancy, collected by amniocentesis between 16 and 20\u2009weeks' gestation, without stigmata of infection (i.e., all amniotic fluid samples were tested with broad\u2010range 16\u2009S rDNA PCR to distinguish samples with evidence of past bacterial infection from sterile ones), during a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial to perform a nested case\u2013control laboratory study. Cases were women with a spontaneous delivery before 37\u2009weeks of gestation (preterm group). Controls were women who gave birth at or after 39\u2009weeks (full term group). Amniotic fluid concentrations of the extracellular matrix\u2010related proteins and cytokines measured by immunoassays were compared for two study groups. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>: NCT00718705.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between July 2008 and July 2011, in 12 maternal\u2010fetal medicine centers in France, 166 women with available PCR\u2010negative amniotic fluid samples were retained for the analysis. Concentrations of procollagen, osteopontin, IL\u201019, IL\u20106, IL\u201020, IL\u201033, TNF\u03b1, TGF\u03b2, and IL\u20101\u03b2 were compared between the 37 who gave birth preterm and the 129 women with full\u2010term delivery. Amniotic fluid levels of procollagen, osteopontin, IL\u201019, IL\u201033, and TNF\u03b1 were significantly higher in the preterm than the full\u2010term group. IL\u20106, IL\u201020, TGF\u03b2, and IL\u20101\u03b2 levels did not differ between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In amniotic fluid 16\u2009S rDNA PCR negative samples obtained during second\u2010trimester amniocentesis, extracellular matrix\u2010related protein concentrations (procollagen, osteopontin and IL\u201033), together with IL\u201019 and TNF\u03b1, were observed higher at this time in cases of later spontaneous preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T02:54:30Z","timestamp":1678848870000},"page":"597-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Second\u2010trimester amniotic fluid proteins changes in subsequent spontaneous preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Marcellin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine H\u00f4pital Cochin, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Batteux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Biological Immunology, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP) H\u00f4pital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin  Paris 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